What Are Corns, Calluses, and Warts?
Although corns, calluses, and warts can look similar, they are very different conditions with different causes and treatments. Knowing the difference is important—especially if you have diabetes or circulation concerns.
Corns
Corns are small, thickened areas of skin that develop due to repeated pressure or friction, often from tight shoes or abnormal foot mechanics.
Usually form on the tops or sides of toes
Often round, raised, and painful when pressed
Can have a hard center that puts pressure on deeper tissue
Corns are the skin’s way of protecting itself, but if left untreated, they can become painful and interfere with walking.
Calluses
Calluses are broader areas of thickened skin that develop over time from constant pressure or friction.
Common on the balls of the feet, heels, or soles
Usually not painful, but can become uncomfortable
Skin may appear dry, rough, or cracked
While calluses are common, excessive buildup can increase pressure and raise the risk of skin breakdown—especially for high-risk clients.
Warts
Warts are caused by a virus (HPV) and are not pressure-related. They are contagious and can spread through direct contact or shared surfaces.
Often appear on the bottom of the foot (plantar warts)
May look like a callus but often have small black dots
Can be painful when walking or standing
Do not improve with regular trimming or moisturizing
Warts require medical evaluation, as treating them like a callus can cause discomfort or spread the infection.
Why Proper Identification Matters
Treating corns, calluses, or warts incorrectly can:
Increase pain
Damage healthy skin
Lead to infection
Cause serious complications for diabetic or high-risk individuals
That’s why medical foot care focuses on assessment first, followed by safe, appropriate treatment—or referral when needed.
When to Seek Medical Foot Care
You should avoid self-treatment and seek professional care if you have:
Diabetes or neuropathy
Poor circulation
Painful or recurring corns/calluses
Thick skin that cracks or bleeds
A lesion that does not improve or becomes painful
